Screening Kelainan Spektrum Autisme (ASD)

Konten

• Apa skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?
• Digunakake kanggo apa?
• Napa anakku butuh skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?
• Apa sing kedadeyan nalika skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?
• Apa aku kudu nindakake tindakan kanggo nyiapake anak kanggo skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?
• Apa ana risiko nyaring?
• Apa tegese asile?
• Apa ana liyane sing kudu aku ngerteni babagan skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?
• Referensi

Apa skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?

Kelainan spektrum autisme (ASD) minangka kelainan otak sing mengaruhi prilaku, komunikasi, lan katrampilan sosial wong. Kelainan iki biasane muncul sajrone rong taun kapisan. ASD diarani kelainan "spektrum" amarga ana macem-macem gejala. Gejala Autisme bisa uga entheng mula abot. Sawetara bocah sing duwe ASD bisa uga ora bisa berfungsi tanpa dhukungan saka wong tuwa lan pengasuh. Wong liya butuh kurang dhukungan lan pungkasane bisa urip mandhiri.

Skrining ASD minangka langkah pertama kanggo diagnosa kelainan kasebut. Sanajan ora ana obat kanggo ASD, perawatan awal bisa nyuda gejala autisme lan ningkatake kualitas urip.

Jeneng liya: screening ASD

Digunakake kanggo apa?

Skrining gangguan spektrum autisme paling asring digunakake kanggo mriksa pratandha kelainan spektrum autisme (ASD) ing bocah-bocah umur 2 taun luwih ngisor.

Napa anakku butuh skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?

American Academy of Pediatrics nyaranake supaya kabeh bocah dicekel ASD nalika pamriksa bocah sing umur 18 wulan lan 24 wulan.

Anak sampeyan bisa uga kudu screening nalika umure luwih enom yen wis ngalami gejala ASD. Gejala autisme bisa uga kalebu:

• Ora kontak mata karo wong liya
• Ora nanggepi eseme wong tuwa utawa tumindak liya
• Wektu tundha sinau ngomong. Sawetara bocah bisa mbaleni tembung tanpa ngerti tegese.
• Gerakan awak bola-bali kayata goyang, muter, utawa tangan sing keplok
• Obsesi karo dolanan utawa obyek tartamtu
• Masalah karo owah-owahan tumindake

Bocah sing luwih tuwa lan wong diwasa uga prelu disaring yen ngalami gejala autisme lan ora didiagnosis minangka bayi. Gejala kasebut bisa uga kalebu:

• Masalah komunikasi
• Rasane kewalahan ing kahanan sosial
• Gerak awak bola-bali
• Minat banget ing topik tartamtu

Apa sing kedadeyan nalika skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?

Ora ana tes khusus kanggo ASD. Screening biasane kalebu:

• Angket kanggo wong tuwa sing njaluk informasi babagan perkembangan lan polah anake.
• Pengamatan. Panyedhiya anak sampeyan bakal ndeleng cara bocah muter lan sesambungan karo wong liya.
• Tes sing njaluk anak sampeyan nindakake tugas sing mriksa katrampilan mikir lan kemampuane njupuk keputusan.

Kadhangkala masalah fisik bisa nyebabake gejala kaya autisme. Dadi skrining uga kalebu:

• Tes getih kanggo mriksa keracunan timah lan kelainan liyane
• Tes pangrungon. Masalah pangrungon bisa nyebabake masalah katrampilan basa lan interaksi sosial.
• Tes genetik. Tes iki nggoleki kelainan warisan kayata sindrom Fragile X. Fragile X nyebabake cacat intelektual lan gejala sing padha karo ASD. Paling asring mengaruhi bocah lanang.

Apa aku kudu nindakake tindakan kanggo nyiapake anak kanggo skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?

Ora ana persiapan khusus kanggo skrining iki.

Apa ana risiko nyaring?

Ora ana risiko ngalami skrining gangguan spektrum autisme.

Apa tegese asile?

Yen asil nuduhake pratandha ASD, panyedhiya bisa ngubungi sampeyan menyang spesialis kanggo tes lan / utawa perawatan sing luwih akeh. Spesialis kasebut bisa uga kalebu:

• Dokter anak ing perkembangan. Dokter sing duwe spesialisasi kanggo ngobati bocah-bocah sing duwe kebutuhan khusus.
• Ahli saraf Dokter sing khusus ngerti hubungane otak lan prilaku.
• Psikolog bocah. Panyedhiya layanan kesehatan sing duwe spesialisasi kanggo ngrawat masalah kesehatan mental lan prilaku, sosial, lan pembangunan kanggo bocah.

Yen bocah didiagnosis ASD, kudu cepet-cepet golek perawatan. Perawatan dini bisa ngoptimalake kekuwatan lan katrampilan bocah. Perawatan dituduhake kanggo ningkatake katrampilan, komunikasi, lan katrampilan sosial.

Pangobatan ASD kalebu layanan lan dhukungan saka macem-macem panyedhiya lan sumber daya. Yen bocah didiagnosis ASD, diajak panyedhiya babagan nggawe strategi perawatan.

Apa ana liyane sing kudu aku ngerteni babagan skrining gangguan spektrum autisme?

Ora ana siji penyebab kelainan spektrum autisme. Penelitian nuduhake manawa disebabake kombinasi faktor. Iki bisa uga kalebu kelainan genetik, infeksi, utawa obat-obatan sing ditindakake sajrone meteng, lan umur luwih tuwa saka siji utawa loro wong tuwa (35 taun utawa luwih kanggo wanita, 40 utawa luwih kanggo pria).

Riset uga nuduhake kanthi cetha manawa ana ora ana hubungane antara vaksin bocah lan kelainan spektrum autisme.

Yen sampeyan duwe pitakon babagan faktor risiko ASD lan panyebabe, diajak panyedhiya layanan kesehatan bocah.

Referensi

1. Pusat Kontrol lan Pencegahan Penyakit [Internet]. Atlanta: Departemen Kesehatan lan Layanan Manungsa A.S. Kelainan Spektrum Autisme (ASD): Screening and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder; [dikutip 2019 Sep 26]; [udakara 4 layar]. Kasedhiya saka: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/screening.html
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Informasi ing situs iki ora digunakake minangka sulih kanggo perawatan medis utawa saran profesional. Hubungi panyedhiya layanan kesehatan yen sampeyan duwe pitakon babagan kesehatan.